기드온 은 구약에 등장하는 영웅중 한명이다.
Judges 시절
Judge 중 한명으로
Midian 종족에게 계속 침공과 약탈을 당하던 이스라엘 민족을 위해 싸워 큰 승리를 거둔 인물이다.
하나님의 부르심을 받은 기드온
그 당시 이스라엘은 죄악으로 말미암아 하나님의 징계를 받아 7년동안 미디안에게 압제를 당하던 중이었다.
1 The children of Israel did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, so Yahweh delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
2 The hand of Midian prevailed against Israel ; and because of Midian the children of Israel made themselves the dens which are in the mountains, the caves, and the strongholds.
3 So it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the children of the east came up against them.
4 They encamped against them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, until you come to Gaza . They left no sustenance in Israel , and no sheep, ox, or donkey.
5 For they came up with their livestock and their tents. They came in as locusts for multitude. Both they and their camels were without number; and they came into the land to destroy it.
6 Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the children of Israel cried to Yahweh.
7 When the children of Israel cried to Yahweh because of Midian ,
8 Yahweh sent a prophet to the children of Israel ; and he said to them, “Yahweh, the God of Israel, says, ‘I brought you up from Egypt , and brought you out of the house of bondage.
9 I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians and out of the hand of all who oppressed you, and drove them out from before you, and gave you their land.
10 I said to you, “I am Yahweh your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell.” But you have not listened to my voice.’ ”
그런 이스라엘 백성의 부르짖음에 하나님은 응답하셔서 기드온을 선택하셨다.
11 Yahweh’s angel came and sat under the oak which was in Ophrah, that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite. His son Gideon was beating out wheat in the wine press, to hide it from the Midianites.
12 Yahweh’s angel appeared to him, and said to him, “Yahweh is with you, you mighty man of valor!”
13 Gideon said to him, “Oh, my lord, if Yahweh is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying, ‘Didn’t Yahweh bring us up from Egypt ?’ But now Yahweh has cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian .”
이때 기드온은 미디안에게 눈에 띌 경우 수확한 곡식을 빼앗길 것이 두려워 포도주 틀 속에 숨어서 곡식을 타작하고 있었다.
그렇게 위축되고 숨어지내던 기드온에게 하나님의 천사가 나타나 그를 '큰 용사'라고 부르며 이스라엘 백성을 구원하라고 하신다.
이에 기드온은 자신의 연약함을 이야기하고, 또 '그동안 하나님은 무엇을 하셨는지' 억울함을 토로하지만, 하나님은 그런 그에게 힘을 주신다고 격려하신다.
14 Yahweh looked at him, and said, “Go in this your might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian . Haven’t I sent you?”
15 He said to him, “O Lord, how shall I save Israel ? Behold, my family is the poorest in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father’s house.”
16 Yahweh said to him, “Surely I will be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites as one man.”
하나님의 부르심을 재확인하는 기드온
그러나 여전히 자신감이 없던 기드온은 하나님의 응답을 한번 더 시험하고자 한다.
17 He said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who talk with me.
18 Please don’t go away until I come to you, and bring out my present, and lay it before you.” He said, “I will wait until you come back.”
19 Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and unleavened cakes of an ephah of meal. He put the meat in a basket and he put the broth in a pot, and brought it out to him under the oak, and presented it.
20 The angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened cakes, and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” He did so.
21 Then Yahweh’s angel stretched out the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; and fire went up out of the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened cakes. Then Yahweh’s angel departed out of his sight.
22 Gideon saw that he was Yahweh’s angel; and Gideon said, “Alas, Lord Yahweh! Because I have seen Yahweh’s angel face to face!”
23 Yahweh said to him, “Peace be to you! Don’t be afraid. You shall not die.”
24 Then Gideon built an altar there to Yahweh, and called it “Yahweh is Peace.” To this day it is still in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
기드온이 하나님에게 확증을 구하자 하나님께서는 기드온이 바치는 작은 재물을 불사름으로써 확증을 주시고, 기드온에게 우상 숭배를 제하라는 명령을 내리신다.
우상을 쪼개는 기드온의 순종
기드온은 하나님의 말씀에 순종하여 동료를 데리고 바알 제단으로 가서 제단을 헐고 아세라 상을 찍어버린뒤 그것들을 가지고 하나님께 제사를 드린다. 그러나 그럼에도 기드온은 아직 두려움이 남아있었기에 낮에 하지 못하고 밤에 가서 순종을 한다.
25 That same night, Yahweh said to him, “Take your father’s bull, even the second bull seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that your father has, and cut down the Asherah that is by it.
26 Then build an altar to Yahweh your God on the top of this stronghold, in an orderly way, and take the second bull, and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.”
27 Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as Yahweh had spoken to him. Because he feared his father’s household and the men of the city, he could not do it by day, but he did it by night.
28 When the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah was cut down that was by it, and the second bull was offered on the altar that was built.
이 일이 있어 바알을 섬기던 자들이 기드온을 죽이려고 하나, 기드온의 아버지
요아스 가 기드온을 변호하며 "그가 바알 제단을 직접 허물었기 때문에 만약 바알이 진짜 능력이 있는 신이라면 기드온을 직접 칠 것이다"고 말하여 사람들을 물러가게 한다.
30 Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son, that he may die, because he has broken down the altar of Baal , and because he has cut down the Asherah that was by it.”
31 Joash said to all who stood against him, “Will you contend for Baal ? Or will you save him? He who will contend for him, let him be put to death by morning! If he is a god, let him contend for himself, because someone has broken down his altar!”
이 뒤로 기드온은
Baal 과 싸웠다는 이름에서
Jerubbaal 이라는 별명을 얻게 된다. (사사기 이후에 언급되는 "여룹바알"은 바로 이 기드온을 일컫는 말이다.)
이후
여룹베셋 이라는 이름으로 별명이 바뀐 것으로 추정된다.
Who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn’t a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?’ then you shall say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’ ”
전쟁을 준비하는 기드온, 하나님에게 확증을 구하는 기드온
이후,
Midian 이 여러 종족과 함께 이스라엘을 공격하게 되고, 기드온은 이스라엘의 여러 지파와 힘을 모아 전쟁을 준비하게 된다. 그러면서 기드온은 다시 한번 하나님에게 전쟁에서 승리할 징표를 구하게 되고, 하나님은 마른 솜을 젖게 하기도 하고 마르게도 하면서 기드온에게 확증을 하신다.
33 Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east assembled themselves together; and they passed over, and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
34 But Yahweh’s Spirit came on Gideon , and he blew a trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered together to follow him.
35 He sent messengers throughout all Manasseh, and they also were gathered together to follow him. He sent messengers to Asher, and to Zebulun, and to Naphtali; and they came up to meet them.
36 Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken,
37 behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor. If there is dew on the fleece only, and it is dry on all the ground, then I’ll know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken.”
38 It was so; for he rose up early on the next day, and pressed the fleece together, and wrung the dew out of the fleece, a bowl full of water.
39 Gideon said to God, “Don’t let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak but this once. Please let me make a trial just this once with the fleece. Let it now be dry only on the fleece, and on all the ground let there be dew.”
40 God did so that night; for it was dry on the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.
기드온의 삼백용사
기드온이 전쟁을 준비하니 따르던 병사가 3만 2천명 정도가 되었다. 물론 적들에 비하면 많이 부족한 숫자였지만 그래도 결코 작은 숫자는 아니었는데, 하나님은 이들을 흩어서 300명만 남게 하신다.
1 Then Jerubbaal , who is Gideon , and all the people who were with him, rose up early and encamped beside the spring of Harod . Midian ’s camp was on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh , in the valley.
2 Yahweh said to Gideon , “The people who are with you are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hand, lest Israel brag against me, saying, ‘My own hand has saved me.’
3 Now therefore proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, ‘Whoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart from Mount Gilead.’ ” So twenty-two thousand of the people returned, and ten thousand remained.
4 Yahweh said to Gideon , “There are still too many people. Bring them down to the water, and I will test them for you there. It shall be, that those whom I tell you, ‘This shall go with you,’ shall go with you; and whoever I tell you, ‘This shall not go with you,’ shall not go.”
5 So he brought down the people to the water; and Yahweh said to Gideon , “Everyone who laps of the water with his tongue, like a dog laps, you shall set him by himself; likewise everyone who bows down on his knees to drink.”
6 The number of those who lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down on their knees to drink water.
7 Yahweh said to Gideon , “I will save you by the three hundred men who lapped, and deliver the Midianites into your hand. Let all the other people go, each to his own place.”
8 So the people took food in their hand, and their trumpets; and he sent all the rest of the men of Israel to their own tents, but retained the three hundred men; and the camp of Midian was beneath him in the valley.
그리고는 기드온의 삼백 용사는 한밤 중에 횃불을 준비하고 그것을 항아리 속에 숨긴 상태로 미디안의 진영에 접근한 다음, 항아리를 깨트려 불빛을 비추면서 소리를 질러 적들을 혼란에 빠지게 한다.
16 He divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all them trumpets and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.
17 He said to them, “Watch me, and do likewise. Behold, when I come to the outermost part of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so you shall do.
18 When I blow the trumpet, I and all who are with me, then blow the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and shout, ‘For Yahweh and for Gideon !’ ”
19 So Gideon and the hundred men who were with him came to the outermost part of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch, when they had but newly set the watch. Then they blew the trumpets and broke in pieces the pitchers that were in their hands.
20 The three companies blew the trumpets, broke the pitchers, and held the torches in their left hands and the trumpets in their right hands with which to blow; and they shouted, “The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon !”
21 They each stood in his place around the camp, and all the army ran; and they shouted, and put them to flight.
22 They blew the three hundred trumpets, and Yahweh set every man’s sword against his fellow and against all the army; and the army fled as far as Beth Shittah toward Zererah, as far as the border of Abel Meholah, by Tabbath.
이후 혼란에 빠진 적들은 스스로 자멸하면서 달아나게 되었고, 기드온은 적들을 추적하며 계속해서 무찔러 큰 승리를 거두게 된다.
23 The men of Israel were gathered together out of Naphtali, out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued Midian .
24 Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill country of Ephraim , saying, “Come down against Midian and take the waters before them as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan !” So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together and took the waters as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan.
25 They took the two princes of Midian , Oreb and Zeeb . They killed Oreb at Oreb’s rock, and Zeeb they killed at Zeeb’s wine press, as they pursued Midian. Then they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon beyond the Jordan .
큰 승리 이후 타락
기드온의 큰 승리 이후 이스라엘 백성들은 기드온에게 왕의 자리를 제시하지만, 기드온은 그것을 거절한다.
22 Then the men of Israel said to Gideon , “Rule over us, both you, your son, and your son’s son also; for you have saved us out of the hand of Midian .”
23 Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you. Yahweh shall rule over you.”
그러나 거기서 멈추지 않고 기드온은 대제사장만 입을 수 있는
Ephod 을 자기가 만들어 두었고, 이스라엘 백성은 그
Ephod 을 우상으로 섬기게 되는 죄를 범하게 된다.
Gideon made an ephod out of it, and put it in Ophrah, his city. Then all Israel played the prostitute with it there; and it became a snare to Gideon and to his house.
기드온은 이후 자녀를 70명이나 낳았는데, 그중 한 아들인 아비멜렉이 나중에 그 형제들을 모두 죽이고 큰 문제를 일으키게 된다.
자세한 건
아비멜렉(기드온의 아들) 참조.