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Ashkelon is one of the five major cities of the Philistine people. For reference, the five cities are Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron.
Josh 13:3from the Shihor River, which is east of Egypt, north to the territory of Ekron, which belongs to the Canaanites; the land of the five Philistine rulers—the Gazites, Ashdodites, Ashkelonites, Gittites, and Ekronites—and also the land of the Avvites to the south;
1 Sam 6:17These are the gold tumors the Philistines sent as a guilt offering to the Lord: one for Ashdod, one for Gaza, one for Ashkelon, one for Gath, and one for Ekron.
It appears that it was not conquered even by the time of David.
2 Sam 1:20“Tell it not in Gath, proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised exult.