The burnt offering (燔祭, Burnt Offering) is one of the five major sacrifices in the Old Testament, a sacrifice in which the offering is completely burned and presented to God. {{:5대 제사}}
Judges 13:20But Yahweh’s angel didn’t appear to Manoah) or to his wife any more. Then Manoah knew that he was Yahweh’s angel.
Exodus 29:38The one lamb you shall offer in the morning; and the other lamb you shall offer at evening;Exodus 29:39and with the one lamb a tenth part of an ephah of fine flour mixed with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of wine for a drink offering.Exodus 29:40The other lamb you shall offer at evening, and shall do to it according to the meal offering of the morning and according to its drink offering, for a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to Yahweh.Exodus 29:41It shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh, where I will meet with you, to speak there to you.Exodus 29:42There I will meet with the children of Israel; and the place shall be sanctified by my glory.Exodus 29:43I will sanctify the Tent of Meeting and the altar. I will also sanctify Aaron and his sons to minister to me in the priest’s office.Exodus 29:44I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God.Exodus 29:45They shall know that I am Yahweh their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell among them: I am Yahweh their God.Exodus 29:46They shall know that I am Yahweh their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell among them: I am Yahweh their God.
Numbers 15:1“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land of your habitations, which I give to you,Numbers 15:2and will make an offering by fire to Yahweh—a burnt offering, or a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or as a free will offering, or in your set feasts, to make a pleasant aroma to Yahweh, of the herd, or of the flock—Numbers 15:3then he who offers his offering shall offer to Yahweh a meal offering of one tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with one fourth of a hin of oil.Numbers 15:4You shall prepare wine for the drink offering, one fourth of a hin, with the burnt offering or for the sacrifice, for each lamb.Numbers 15:5“ ‘For a ram, you shall prepare for a meal offering two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with the third part of a hin of oil;Numbers 15:6and for the drink offering you shall offer the third part of a hin of wine, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.Numbers 15:7When you prepare a bull for a burnt offering or for a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or for peace offerings to Yahweh,Numbers 15:8then he shall offer with the bull a meal offering of three tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with half a hin of oil;Numbers 15:9and you shall offer for the drink offering half a hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.Numbers 15:10Thus it shall be done for each bull, for each ram, for each of the male lambs, or of the young goats.Numbers 15:11According to the number that you shall prepare, so you shall do to everyone according to their number.Numbers 15:12“ ‘All who are native-born shall do these things in this way, in offering an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.Numbers 15:13If a stranger lives as a foreigner with you, or whoever may be among you throughout your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh, as you do, so he shall do.Numbers 15:14For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner, a statute forever throughout your generations. As you are, so the foreigner shall be before Yahweh.Numbers 15:15One law and one ordinance shall be for you and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner with you.’ ”Numbers 15:16Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
제물을 드리는 자가 성막 문 앞으로 희생 동물을 가져와 자신의 손을 그 머리 위에 얹는다.
Leviticus 1:4He shall kill the bull before Yahweh. Aaron’s sons, the priests, shall present the blood and sprinkle the blood around on the altar that is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
이후, 제물을 번제단 북쪽으로 가져가 잡는데, 제물이 산비둘기나 집비둘기일 때에는 번제단위에서 목을 비틀어 잡았다.
Leviticus 1:11He shall cut it into its pieces, with its head and its fat. The priest shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the fire which is on the altar,
Leviticus 1:15and he shall take away its crop and its feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes.
Leviticus 1:5He shall skin the burnt offering, and cut it into pieces.
Leviticus 7:8Every meal offering that is baked in the oven, and all that is prepared in the pan and on the griddle, shall be the priest’s who offers it.
레 1:4를 보면 번제의 목적이 속죄로 되어있는데, 실제적인 속죄 관련 제사는 속죄제와 속건제이다. 하지만 이 두 제사가 인간의 죄를 고백하고 회개하는 데에 중점이 되어있다면, 번제는 그 죄로 인해 단절된 하나님과의 관계를 회복시키기 위한 의미가 더 크다. 그로 인한 제물을 태워 올릴때, 그것이 여호와께 향기로운 냄새가 된다고 한다.
Leviticus 1:9“ ‘If his offering is from the flock, from the sheep or from the goats, for a burnt offering, he shall offer a male without defect.
최초의 번제역시 아브라함이 이삭을 바칠 때 사용되었는데, 이 사건은 예수 그리스도의 예표인 것처럼 하나님과 인간의 관계 회복, 인간의 헌신과 순종 등이 드러나는 장면이다. (창세기 22장참조)
Exodus 24:5Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar.
Exodus 32:6Yahweh spoke to Moses, “Go, get down; for your people, who you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves!