느부갓네살(Nebuchadnezzar) 은 신 바빌로니아 제국(
Babylon 참고)의 전성기를 이끈 왕이다. 공식 명칭은 '네부카드네자르 2세'이다.
Assyria 의 잔존 세력을 무찌르고, 앗수르가 약해진 틈을 타 진출을 꾀한 이집트도 물리치면서 소아시아 지방에 제국을 건설하였다.
The king of Egypt didn’t come out of his land any more; for the king of Babylon had taken, from the brook of Egypt to the river Euphrates , all that belonged to the king of Egypt.
2 3 “Prepare the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle!
4 Harness the horses, and get up, you horsemen, and stand up with your helmets. Polish the spears, put on the coats of mail.
5 Why have I seen it? They are dismayed and are turned backward. Their mighty ones are beaten down, have fled in haste, and don’t look back. Terror is on every side,” says Yahweh.
6 “Don’t let the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape. In the north by the river Euphrates they have stumbled and fallen.
7 “Who is this who rises up like the Nile, whose waters toss themselves like the rivers?
8 Egypt rises up like the Nile, and his waters toss themselves like the rivers. He says, ‘I will rise up. I will cover the earth. I will destroy cities and its inhabitants.’
9 Go up, you horses! Rage, you chariots! Let the mighty men go out: Cush and Put , who handle the shield; and the Ludim, who handle and bend the bow.
10 For that day is of the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge himself of his adversaries. The sword will devour and be satiated, and will drink its fill of their blood; for the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates .
11 Go up into Gilead , and take balm, virgin daughter of Egypt . You use many medicines in vain. There is no healing for you.
12 The nations have heard of your shame, and the earth is full of your cry; for the mighty man has stumbled against the mighty, they both fall together.”
그리고 이 시기에 이집트와 동맹을 맺었던
Kingdom of Judah 의 마지막 왕
시드기야 를 사로잡아 그가 보는 앞에서 두 아들을 죽인 후, 두 눈을 뽑은 뒤 사슬에 묶어 끌고 갔다.
죽은 뒤 아들
Evil-Merodach 에게 왕위를 물려줬다.
In the thirty-seventh year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, Evilmerodach king of Babylon , in the year that he began to reign, lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison;
바벨론 유수
느부갓네살 왕은 총 3차례에 걸쳐
Kingdom of Judah 을 침공하여 약탈하고 많은 백성들을 잡아갔다.
처음에는 속국으로 만들어 조공을 받았으나
Jehoiakim 왕이 친애굽정책을 별치자 이스라엘을 침략하여
Jehoiakim 왕과 귀족들을 잡아갔다.
1 2 The Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God; and he carried them into the land of Shinar to the house of his god. He brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
3 The king spoke to Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs, that he should bring in some of the children of Israel , even of the royal offspring and of the nobles;
4 youths in whom was no defect, but well-favored, and skillful in all wisdom, and endowed with knowledge, and understanding science, and who had the ability to stand in the king’s palace; and that he should teach them the learning and the language of the Chaldeans.
이 때
Jehoiakim 의 뒤를 이은
Jehoiachin 왕이 즉위한지 석달만에 다시 침략하여 여호야긴왕과 귀족들을 포로로 잡아갔다. 이때 수많은 보물과 백성들 1만명을 끌고가며 공장과 대장장이도 잡아갔다.
8 Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Nehushta the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem.
9 He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, according to all that his father had done.
10 11 12 and Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon , he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers; and the king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his reign.
13 He carried out from there all the treasures of Yahweh’s house, and the treasures of the king’s house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold, which Solomon king of Israel had made in Yahweh’s temple, as Yahweh had said.
14 He carried away all Jerusalem , and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valor, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and the smiths. No one remained, except the poorest people of the land.
남아있던 유대 땅에는 여호야긴을 대신하여 그의 숙부
맛다니야 를 왕으로 삼고
시드기야 로 개명을 하였다.
The king of Babylon made Mattaniah, Jehoiachin ’s father’s brother, king in his place, and changed his name to Zedekiah.
그러나
Jeremiah (Prophet) 의 경고를 무시하고 친애굽정책을 펼치자, 느부갓네살은 마지막으로 예루살렘을 공격하여 함락시켰다.
For through the anger of Yahweh, this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence. Then Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon .
이때 성전과 왕궁이 불탔고 예루살렘 성벽도 헐렸으며, 백성들이 포로로 잡혀갔다.
다니엘과의 관계
이 시기에
Daniel 이 그 친구
Shadrach ,
메삭 ,
Abednego 와 함께 잡혀갔다. 그곳에서 다니엘의 세 친구가 금신상에 절하지 않자 이들을 풀무불에 던져넣었으나 살아있는 것을 보고 풀어주며, 하나님을 찬송하였다.
24 Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonished, and rose up in haste. He spoke and said to his counselors, “Didn’t we cast three men bound into the middle of the fire?” They answered the king, “True, O king.”
25 He answered, “Look, I see four men loose, walking in the middle of the fire, and they are unharmed. The appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods.”
26 Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace. He spoke and said, “Shadrach , Meshach, and Abednego , you servants of the Most High God, come out, and come here!” Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego came out of the middle of the fire.
27 The local governors, the deputies, and the governors, and the king’s counselors, being gathered together, saw these men, that the fire had no power on their bodies. The hair of their head wasn’t singed. Their pants weren’t changed, the smell of fire wasn’t even on them.
28 Nebuchadnezzar spoke and said, “Blessed be the God of Shadrach , Meshach, and Abednego , who has sent his angel, and delivered his servants who trusted in him, and have changed the king’s word, and have yielded their bodies, that they might not serve nor worship any god, except their own God.
29 Therefore I make a decree, that every people, nation, and language, which speak anything evil against the God of Shadrach , Meshach, and Abednego , shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill; because there is no other god who is able to deliver like this.”
30
이후, 느부갓네살은 꿈를 꾸었는데,
Daniel 에게 해몽하게 하였다.
다니엘은 그 꿈을 해몽하였는데, 그것은 느부갓네살이 정신병에 걸리게 될 것이라는 내용이었다.
4 I, Nebuchadnezzar , was at rest in my house, and flourishing in my palace.
5 I saw a dream which made me afraid; and the thoughts on my bed and the visions of my head troubled me.
6 Therefore made I a decree to bring in all the wise men of Babylon before me, that they might make known to me the interpretation of the dream.
7 Then the magicians, the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers came in; and I told the dream before them; but they didn’t make known to me its interpretation.
8 But at the last Daniel came in before me, whose name was Belteshazzar, according to the name of my god, and in whom is the spirit of the holy gods. I told the dream before him, saying,
9 “Belteshazzar, master of the magicians, because I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in you, and no secret troubles you, tell me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and its interpretation.
10 Thus were the visions of my head on my bed: I saw, and behold, a tree in the middle of the earth; and its height was great.
11 The tree grew, and was strong, and its height reached to the sky, and its sight to the end of all the earth.
12 The leaves of it were beautiful, and it had much fruit, and in it was food for all. The animals of the field had shade under it, and the birds of the sky lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.
13 “I saw in the visions of my head on my bed, and behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from the sky.
14 He cried aloud, and said this, ‘Cut down the tree, and cut off its branches! Shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit! Let the animals get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches.
15 Nevertheless leave the stump of its roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and bronze, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of the sky. Let his portion be with the animals in the grass of the earth.
16 Let his heart be changed from man’s, and let an animal’s heart be given to him. Then let seven times pass over him.
17 “ ‘The sentence is by the decree of the watchers, and the demand by the word of the holy ones; to the intent that the living may know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever he will, and sets up over it the lowest of men.’
18 “This dream I, king Nebuchadnezzar , have seen; and you, Belteshazzar, declare the interpretation, because all the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known to me the interpretation; but you are able; for the spirit of the holy gods is in you.”
19 Then Daniel , whose name was Belteshazzar, was stricken mute for a while, and his thoughts troubled him. The king answered, “Belteshazzar, don’t let the dream, or the interpretation, trouble you.” Belteshazzar answered, “My lord, may the dream be for those who hate you, and its interpretation to your adversaries.
20 The tree that you saw, which grew, and was strong, whose height reached to the sky, and its sight to all the earth;
21 whose leaves were beautiful, and its fruit plentiful, and in it was food for all; under which the animals of the field lived, and on whose branches the birds of the sky had their habitation:
22 it is you, O king, that have grown and become strong; for your greatness has grown, and reaches to the sky, and your dominion to the end of the earth.
23 “Whereas the king saw a watcher and a holy one coming down from the sky, and saying, ‘Cut down the tree, and destroy it; nevertheless leave the stump of its roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and bronze, in the tender grass of the field, and let it be wet with the dew of the sky. Let his portion be with the animals of the field, until seven times pass over him.
24 “This is the interpretation, O king, and it is the decree of the Most High, which has come on my lord the king:
25 that you shall be driven from men, and your dwelling shall be with the animals of the field. You shall be made to eat grass as oxen, and shall be wet with the dew of the sky, and seven times shall pass over you; until you know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever he will.
26 Whereas they commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree; your kingdom shall be sure to you, after that you will have known that the heavens do rule.
27 Therefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable to you, and break off your sins by righteousness, and your iniquities by showing mercy to the poor. Perhaps there may be a lengthening of your tranquility.”
느부갓네살의 정신병
그 꿈대로 느부갓네살 왕은 정신병에 걸려 왕의 자리에 쫓겨나 7년동안 들짐승과 함께 거하며 소처럼 풀을 뜯어먹는 병에 걸리게 되었다.
28 29 At the end of twelve months he was walking in the royal palace of Babylon .
30 The king spoke and said, “Is not this great Babylon , which I have built for the royal dwelling place, by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?”
31 While the word was in the king’s mouth, a voice came from the sky, saying, “O king Nebuchadnezzar , to you it is spoken: ‘The kingdom has departed from you.
32 You shall be driven from men; and your dwelling shall be with the animals of the field. You shall be made to eat grass as oxen. Seven times shall pass over you, until you know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever he will.’ ”
33 This was fulfilled the same hour on Nebuchadnezzar . He was driven from men, and ate grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of the sky, until his hair had grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws.
34 At the end of the days I, Nebuchadnezzar , lifted up my eyes to heaven, and my understanding returned to me, and I blessed the Most High, and I praised and honored him who lives forever; for his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom from generation to generation.
