Capernaum is a city on the shore of Galilee Lake. It is where Jesus lived as if it were his second home.
[See Galilee Region]
Matthew 4:12Now when Jesus heard that John had been arrested, he withdrew into Galilee.Matthew 4:13And leaving Nazareth he went and lived in Capernaum by the sea, in the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali,
During Jesus' time, it was a quite prosperous city, even having a Jewish synagogue and a customs house.
Luke 7:1After he had finished all his sayings in the hearing of the people, he entered Capernaum.Luke 7:2Now a centurion had a servant who was sick and at the point of death, who was highly valued by him.Luke 7:3When the centurion heard about Jesus, he sent to him elders of the Jews, asking him to come and heal his servant.Luke 7:4And when they came to Jesus, they pleaded with him earnestly, saying, “He is worthy to have you do this for him,Luke 7:5for he loves our nation, and he himself built us our synagogue.”
Mark 2:14As he passed by, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he rose and followed him.
It was not only where Jesus primarily lived but also where he called Peter, Andrew, James, John, and Matthew.
Matthew 4:18While walking by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter) and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen.Matthew 4:19And he said to them, “Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.”Matthew 4:20Immediately they left their nets and followed him.Matthew 4:21And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them.Matthew 4:22Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him.